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Fritz Fischer
Fritz Fischer (5 March 1908 – 1 December 1999) was a German historian best known for his analysis of the causes of World War I. In the early 1960s Fischer put forward the controversial thesis that responsibility for the outbreak of the war rested solely on Imperial Germany. He has been described by ''The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing'' as the most important German historian of the 20th century.〔Moses, John "Fischer, Fritz," ''The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing'' edited by Kelly Boyd, Volume 1, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1999, p. 387.〕
==Biography==
Fischer was born in Ludwigsstadt in Bavaria.〔 His father was a railway inspector.〔 Educated at grammar schools in Ansbach and Eichstätt, Fischer attended the University of Berlin and the University of Erlangen, where he studied history, pedagogy, philosophy and theology.〔 Fischer joined the Nazi Party in 1939, and left the Party in 1942. Fischer's major early influences were the standard Hegelian-Rankean opposition typical of the pre-1945 German historical profession, and as such, Fischer's early writings bore a strong bend towards the right.〔〔Petzold, Stephan, "(The Social Making of a Historian: Fritz Fischer's Distancing from Bourgeois-Conservative Historiography, 1930-60 )," ''Journal of Contemporary History'' 48/2 (2013), pp. 271-89.〕 This influence was reflected in Fischer's first books, biographies of Ludwig Nicolovius, a leading 19th-century Prussian educational reformer and of Moritz August von Bethmann-Hollweg, the Prussian Minister of Education between 1858-1862.〔Moses, John "Fischer, Fritz," ''The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing'' edited by Kelly Boyd, Volume 1, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1999, p. 386.〕
In 1942, Fischer was given a professorship at the University of Hamburg and he married Margarete Lauth-Volkmann, with whom he fathered two children. Fischer served in the Wehrmacht in World War II. After his release from a POW camp in 1947, Fischer went on as a professor at the University of Hamburg, where he stayed until his retirement in 1978.
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